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Qing Dynasty
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Introduction
Planning to go on a holiday to China? Just do not miss visiting one of the top 10 peaks, Mount Tai. It is also considered one of the "Five Sacred Mountains of Taoism". Sunrise, birth and renewal are synonymous to it. It is known to be the centre of religious activities with captivating relics and artworks too. Enchanting scenery and magnificent sunsets would surely sooth your heart. Missing Mount Tai traveling in China is surely not done.
History
Mount Tai has a great cultural and historical significance apt for visiting. You'll locate it at the north of the city of Tai'an, in Shandong Province, China. Humans stepped first at Mount Tai in as back as Paleolithic Period and started settling in from neotholic period onwards. During Spring and Autumn Period, it lay on the boundaries of the States of Qi situated at the north and Lu at south. Even the name of the neighboring city, Tai'an refers the common saying, "If Mount Tai is stable, so is the entire country". It has been worshiped from 3,000 years from the time of Shang to Qing Dynasty.
Description and Why is it considered best for travelers
Mount Tai is considered to be the epitome of splendid Chinese culture and was also listed in the World Natural and Cultural Heritage List of UNESCO in 1987. It is considered to be pre-eminent among the top 10 mountains in China because it has been officially during the reign of Emperor Wu Di of Han Dynasty. Also as per the doctrine of five elements dating back to the Spring and Autumn Period, east holds the significance of birth and spring and so the Mount Tai standing at the eastern edge of Northern China Plain.
You'll be amazed to behold the natural beauty of the place which is commendable and outstanding in every respect. The deep valleys, lofty peaks, beautiful waterfalls etc. would surely make you prolong your stay and enjoy the blissful surroundings. Apart from the natural beauty Mount Tai has lots to offer the travelers as various historical relics, religious monuments, sunsets, waterfalls, the Four wonders etc. which are not to be missed at any cost once in China.
Must-see Scenes
You'll come across numerous interesting things to adore at Mount Tai. There is a lot over here for you to take as an unforgettable memory back home. The splendid views overlooking the Tai'an city and surrounding areas are wonderful. The tale-telling rocks, old fragrant pines and cypresses are enough to captivate anybody's senses. Never miss the four wonders of the mountain are Sunrises from the east, enigmatic sunsets, fluffy Clouds and the Golden Belt along the Yellow River. Be assured it's truly something divine.
Mountain Top Monasteries are also worth visiting to peep into the cultural heritage of China. You'll come across various carvings of prayers and meaningful phrases on the rocks which are quite interesting and knowledgeable. As you hike up the mountain see all the ancient altars, gates and archways and have a real feel of the place being one with it.
Make a visit to the Temple of God of Mount Tai, Dai Temple located at the foot of the Mount. It is said to be one of the complete and the most ancient building in the area. You may not even have enough time to visit and notice all 22 temples, 819 stone tables, 97 ruins, 1,018 cliff-side and stone inscriptions located here. The temples most visited are Azure Cloud Temple and the Divine Rock Temple. It is there fore called to the museum of china's cultural relics and artworks.
Travel Routes
You can accent to Mount Tai via four routes. You can take the East route full of various stone inscriptions, palaces and beautiful surroundings. To take this route you can start from Dai Temple covering Red Gate Palace, Hu Tian Pavilion etc. it may take you about 4 hours to reach the Mount taking this route with more than 6000 steps but is mostly chosen by the travelers.
You may also choose to take the West route made up of two parts. The first one starts from the highroad from the Heaven and Earth Square to Mid-heaven Gate. The other convenient part is the cable way which directly takes you to the Mount top. If you take the first route you may have a chance to visit various attractions as Heaven and Earth Square, Black Dragon Pool, Longevity Bridge etc.
If you wish to travel by bus you can take peach blossom ravine route. Take No.104 national highway and then setting off the bus for the cable car. And finally you are at the Mount within few minutes here onwards. Best time for this route is the spring and summer season as the route is filled with petals, blossoms and limpid steams making you feel in heaven. The last choice you can make is of Tianzhu Peak Route best suited to adventurers.
Seasons play an important role if you are in China and plan to visit Mount Tai. Sunrise and sunset times, density of clouds and glow of the place all depend upon the season you are here. Also the route choice differs upon the type of season. The best seasons surely are spring and summer seasons full of sun, flora and beautiful lush green areas.
So, do make a visit of this culturally, historically and religiously rich mountain top in China.
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History of Chinese Embroidery
Chinese embroidery boasts a very long history. As the "Longevity embroidery" and "Token embroidery" unearthed from the Mawangdui Han Tomb in Changsha, Hunan Province, indicate, it reached a rather high level of development some 2000-3000 years ago. Wang Jia of the Jin Dynasty wrote in Making Good Omissions: "In the period of Three Kingdoms, Madame Zhao, wife of His Lord the chief of Wu, could embroider the map of all kingdoms on a piece of silk fabric, with the mountain ranges, rivers and sees all clearly shown. People of that time described it as superb needle-work." The said map was perhaps the earliest recorded embroidery in China.
Embroidery, a folk art with a long tradition, has an important position in the history of Chinese arts and crafts. In its long development embroidery has been inseparable from silkworm raising and silk reeling and weaving.
China was the first country in the world to weave silk. Silkworms were domesticated as early as some 5,000 years ago. The production of silk threads and fabrics gave rise to the art of embroidery. In 1958, a piece of silk embroidered with a dragon and phoenix was discovered in a state of Chu tomb of the Warring Sates Period (475-221BC). More than 2,000 years old, it is the earliest piece of Chinese embroidery ever unearthed. Embroidery became widespread during the Han Dynasty (206BC-AD220) and many embroidered pieces discovered date back to that period.
Today, silk embroidery is practiced nearly all over China. The Four Famous Embroideries of China refer to the Xiang embroidery in central China's Hunan Province, Shu embroidery in western China's Sichuan Province, Yue embroidery in southern China's Guangdong Province and Su embroidery in eastern China's Jiangsu Province.
Xiang Embroidery
Xiang embroidery is well known for its time-honored history, excellent craftsmanship and unique style. The earliest piece of Xiang embroidery was unearthed at the No 1 Tomb of Mawangdui, Changsha City of the Han Dynasty (206BC-AD220). The weaving technique was almost the same as the one used in modern times, which demonstrated that embroidery had already existed in the Han Dynasty. In its later development, Xiang Embroidery absorbed the characteristics of traditional Chinese paintings and formed its own unique characteristics. Xiang embroidery experienced its heyday at the end of the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and in the early Republic of China (early 20th century), even surpassing Su embroidery. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Xiang embroidery was further improved and developed to a new level.
Xiang embroidery uses pure silk, hard satin, soft satin and nylon as its material, which is connected with colorful silk threads. Absorbing the spirit of Chinese paintings, the embroidery reaches a high artistic level. Xiang embroidery crafts include valuable works of art, as well as materials for daily use.
Shu Embroidery
Also called Chuan embroidery, Shu embroidery is the general name for embroidery products in areas around Chengdu, Sichuan Province. Shu embroidery enjoys a long history. As early as the Han Dynasty, Shu embroidery was already famous. The central government even designated an office in this area for its administration. During the Five Dynasties and Ten States periods (907-960), a peaceful society and large demand provided advanced conditions for the rapid development of the Shu Embroidery industry. Shu embroidery experienced its peak development in the Song Dynasty (960-1279), ranking first in both production and excellence. In the mid-Qing Dynasty, the Shu embroidery industry was formed. After the founding of the People's Republic of China, Shu embroidery factories were set up and the craft entered a new phase of d
development, using innovative techniques and a larger variety of forms.
Originating among the folk people in the west of Sichuan Province, Shu embroidery formed its own unique characteristics: smooth, bright, neat and influenced by the geographical environment, customs and cultures. The works incorporated flowers, leaves, animals, mountains, rivers and human figures as their themes. Altogether, there are 122 approaches in 12 categories for weaving. The craftsmanship of Shu embroidery involves a combination of fine arts, aesthetics and practical uses, such as the facings of quits, pillowcases, coats, shoots and screen covers.
Yue Embroidery
Also called Guang embroidery, Yue embroidery is a general name for embroidery products of the regions of Guangzhou, Shantou, Zhongshan, Fanyu and Shunde in Guangdong Province. According to historical records, in the first year of Yongyuan's reign (805) during the Tang Dynasty (618-907), a girl named Lu Meiniang embroidered the seventh volume of the Fahua Buddhist Scripture on a piece of thin silk 30 cm long. And so, Yue embroidery became famous around the country. The prosperous Guangzhou Port of the Song Dynasty promoted the development of Yue embroidery, which began to be exported at that time. During the Qing Dynasty, people animal hair as the raw material for Yue embroidery, which made the works more vivid. During Qianlong's reign (1736-1796) of the Qing, an industrial organization was established in Guangzhou. At that time, a large number of craftsmen devoted themselves to the craft, inciting further improvements to the weaving technique. Since 1915, the work of Yue embroidery garnered several awards at the Panama Expo.
Influenced by national folk art, Yue embroidery formed its own unique characteristics. The embroidered pictures are mainly of dragons and phoenixes, and flowers and birds, with neat designs and strong, contrasting colors. Floss, thread and gold-and-silk thread embroidery are used to produce costumes, decorations for halls and crafts for daily use.
Su Embroidery
With a history of more than 3,000 years, Su embroidery is the general name for embroidery products in areas around Suzhou, Jiangsu Province. The craft, which dates back to the Three Kingdoms Period (220-280), became a sideline of people in the Suzhou area during the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). Well known for its smoothness and delicateness, Su embroidery won Suzhou the title City of Embroidery in the Qing Dynasty. In the mid and late Qing, Su embroidery experienced further developments involving works of double-sided embroidering. There were 65 embroidery stores in Suzhou City. During the Republic of China period (1912-1949), the Su embroidery industry was in decline due to frequent wars and it was restored and regenerated after the founding of new China. In 1950, the central government set up research centers for Su embroidery and launched training courses for the study of embroidery. Weaving methods have climbed from 18 to the present 40.
Su embroidery features a strong, folk flavor and its weaving techniques are characterized by the following: the product surface must be flat, the rim must be neat, the needle must be thin, the lines must be dense, the color must be harmonious and bright and the picture must be even. Su embroidery products fall into three major categories: costumes, decorations for halls and crafts for daily use, which integrate decorative and practical values. Double-sided embroidery is an excellent representative of Su embroidery.
In addition to the four major embroidery styles there are Ou embroidery of Wenzhou, Zhejiang Province; Bian embroidery of Kaifeng, Henan Province and Han embroidery of Wuhan, Hubei Province.
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How did China's economic problems affect the Qing Dynasty?
A. Peasants revolted against the Qing Dynasty.
B. The economic problems were good for the Qing.
C. Peasants appreciated the Qing's response to the economic problems.
D. The Qing were able to export more tea.
A. see Taiping Rebellion, Boxer Rebellion
Real Estate Development Wipes Out Homes and Heritage
A forced eviction in Shandong Province destroys a family's heritage, a common occurrence in today's China.
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