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Plate Made Japan
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 Vintage - PENGUIN HIGH QUALITY Plated Brass Lighter - Made In Japan  US $10.00
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 Vintage Artmark made in Japan, raised figural cut lace porcelain PLATE decorativ US $3.99
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Slipware ceramics might seem rustic, but their creation requires great skill. When collecting slipware, it is important to have knowledge of its history and the challenges the medium presents to appreciate its value and artistry. As a potter, I have tried all the methods and can attest to their difficulty.
Slipware is earthenware pottery decorated with slip, a mixture of clay suspended in water, with a lead based glaze applied on top.
Functional and decorative, the slip creates a stronger bond with the glaze than earthenware. The working time of slip is very short and it must be stirred constantly to keep it in suspension. It stiffens immediately when placed on a dry surface so mistakes made must remain or be wiped off.
Five thousand year old fragments of slipware ceramics have been found throughout Asia and Europe. Chinese feather brush slipware from 200 BC also exists. Although beautiful, feather brushing slip is very difficult to control and the lines must be painted over multiple times to be even.
The Italian tradition of sgraffito and marbleized slipware began in the 15th century, followed in the 16th century by potters in France, Spain, Germany, the Netherlands and England.
Sgraffito is the only subtractive method for using slip. Leather hard plates or vessels are coated with slip, which is then scratched off with a pointed tool or stylus to create the decorative designs. Plates are normally slip-coated only on their face, and vessels only on the outside.
Marbling is created by applying two or more contrasting slip lines onto a slab or vessel using a slip cup with multiple tubes. The vessel or slab is rotated, tilted and wiggled to allow gravity and centrifugal force to move the slip lines into a marbleized pattern. Potters must know how long they have to work before the slip is too dry and when to stop so the pattern does not become a muddy mess. Combing, using a tool similar to its name, is applied over the marbleized slip.
In England during the 17th and 18th centuries some of the greatest examples of slipware ceramics were produced.
Some notable English slipware potters of that time are Henry Ilfield and George Richardson who worked in Wrotham, Kent. The Wrights at Harlow, in Essex, made sgraffito Metropolitan Slipware for London by carving patterns into the clay, which were then filled with slip in an inlay process.
Thomas Toft and his relatives are the most famous of them all, although it is unclear whether they were potters or simply commissioned the pottery.
Made in Burselm, Staffordshire, Toft tableware and presentation platters used the slip-trailing technique to create their original designs of mermaids and unicorns along with coats of arms, notable figures and distinctive cross-hatched rims. When slip-trailing, a container called a slip cup made with a small hole to which a tubular reed or quill, is used to trail the slip over the plates or vessels. The slip must be constantly agitated and the tubes cleared during its application.
Kat Miller is an antiques dealer and author contributing knowledge and experience to Antique Marks. Kat has been collecting and selling antiques since the 1960's and has extended and reinforced her knowledge of antique pottery and porcelain through extensive travels in Europe, Japan and China. Kat's great loves are Worcester porcelain and the Art Nouveau style.
Japan's new efficiency standards for air conditioning and microwave oven energy efficiency improvements - air conditioners, microwave ovens,
2006 years for the Japanese fiscal year 2010 to develop the latest energy efficiency standards for household air conditioner introduced. This standard applies to household air-conditioning (only 4.0kW cooling capacity less than or equal to the no wind wall-mount dual heating air conditioning). Non-electric energy as heat source of air conditioning, air tightness / Insulated residential ducted air conditioning system and multi-functional air-conditioning heat pump system is not within the scope of the standard.
New standards require that all manufacturers face in the target year (Japan), the domestic supply of air-conditioning, according to JISC9612: 2005 measured by energy consumption efficiency (energy efficiency throughout the year, hereinafter referred to APF), the following table for each divided the weighted number of each manufacturer's supplier, its average value shall not be less than the target standard values.
APF is a measure of the efficiency of air conditioning energy consumption indicators, the test is the Japanese Industrial Standards JISC9612: 005 "room air conditioner" in the calculation of provisions.
In Japan, previously used measure is the rated cooling and heating conditions of the COP, the main consideration is the constant speed model. In recent years, when the frequency machine to become mainstream products, such indicators are no longer an appropriate assessment methods. Therefore, people consider the whole energy efficiency APF, under the air conditioner cooling (heating) capacity changes (one of the characteristics frequency models) consider cooling (heating) during the duration of the outside air temperature and the air conditioner's energy efficiency, which ways more representative of the real energy-saving evaluation criteria.
Improve the energy efficiency of air conditioners Main
In Japan, air conditioning technology development has always been the primary objective of establishing a comfortable environment. Although the energy performance of the technology development has been ongoing, but the basic technology of each development has almost reached its limit, there is an urgent look forward to innovative technology development.
Improve the energy efficiency of air conditioners main techniques include: use of high efficiency compressors (Neodymium magnets, improved motor winding and low core loss magnetic steel, mechanical loss reduction, suction / exhaust pressure loss during the reduction of sine wave drive control), improving the fan motor (the introduction of brushless DC motor, to increase the number of electrodes / introduction of slots, optimizing the kernel shape to reduce the circuit losses, optimizing energy supply), electronic expansion valve, increase the heat exchanger size.
Learned to increase the heat exchanger is to increase the size of air conditioner energy efficiency a key factor, it must confront the problems arising and challenges. For example, consider the Japanese housing a half KEN ("KEN" is a consistent method of a flat foot) width of the column between the size of 800mm, the width if the air conditioning more than 800mm, fear conditioning does not suitable for home appliances. Some enterprises are still concerned about the "heat exchanger / fan" Size further growth may undermine the basic comfort, such as in the refrigeration process, the "evaporation temperature increases, so the indoor humidity is difficult to remove." In addition, the device may also increase the volume increase of copper and aluminum usage.
The latest energy efficiency standards for microwave ovens
Japan Microwave latest energy efficiency standards implemented in 2008. The new standard applies to microwave ovens, but not including commercial microwave ovens, rated input voltage of 200V in the microwave, embedded microwave oven, microwave oven with gas stove and oven and microwave cavity height less than 135mm.
All manufacturers in the target for the year (Japan), the domestic supply of the microwave oven, according to estimates calculated under the energy consumption efficiency (in power), in Table 3, each divided into categories of weight for each manufacturer quantity of supply, not exceed its average target standard values.
Microwave energy efficiency should be based on annual energy consumption as a unit, the calculation formula is as follows:
E = [(580.8 × AV285 +66 × AV245 +571.1 × AV125 +205 × AV185) +31 × B +6400 × C] / 1000
Formula, E, AV285, AV245, AV125, AV185, B and C represent the following values:
E: energy efficiency (kWh / year)
AV285: each function using microwave heating 285
About the Author
I am an expert from China Manufacturers, usually analyzes all kind of industries situation, such as melamine dinner plates , electric buffet server.
"Made in Japan" vs "Japan" on older stoneware type dishes....?
I recently inherited several older dishes - mainly plates and bowls from a deceased family member.
Most of this is stamped - not a paper label - JAPAN.
I understand there is a difference between "Made in Japan" versus "Japan" items and in both paper labels versus stamped identification.
Can anyone tell me during what time periods the "Japan" stamp was used on various products?
THANK YOU in advance -
Country of Origin labeling is a complex subject, and rules vary from country to country, and change over time. Most deal with the safety of food items and cosmetics. Some are for keeping track of tax levies on manufactured goods.
Here is the current set of FTC rules on country of origin marking.
http://www.ftc.gov/be/v980034.shtm
This site has a classic arguement for country of origin labelling, and is a good study in the reasoning behind it.
http://www.americansforlabeling.org/resources/topten.htm
Here are some other sites with related information on country of origin labeling.
http://www.ers.usda.gov/features/cool/
http://www.house.gov/list/press/mt00_rehberg/071403_COOLAmendment.html
http://www.organicconsumers.org/articles/article_2615.cfm
One little anecdote on country of origin labelling: I ran across this in Berkeley, California. I came across a factory where they were slip casting, firing and glazing coffee mugs that said 'made in France' on the bottoms. When I asked how they could make cups in the USA that say 'made in France' on thier bottoms, they said that the marking was due to the fact that the molds were made in France. Go figure... P.T. Barnum once said, 'There's a sucker born every minute." Of course, he didn't note that for every sucker, there's at least two con artists waiting to take advantage of them.
USA shuts out Japan behind Jennie Finch's pitching effort
Jennie Finch took a no-hit bid into the fifth inning in one of her final starts for the U.S. national team, Kaitlin Cochran homered in her second ...
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