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Onyx Agate
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Here are some more information for Onyx Agate:
Mention the name of the gemstone onyx, and one is apt to think of a black stone, and it is most of the time. But there are also onyx stones that run from dark brown to white in color, or have white or red bands running through the stone. Onyx is a variety of quartz, chalcedony quartz to be specific. Some other forms of chalcedony quartz are flint, petrified wood, bloodstone, agate, jasper, and petrified dinosaur bone. Some of these forms of chalcedony quartz were the first stones used by man and were used to make arrow heads, knives and tools. Most of the onyx mined today comes from Brazil, India, California and Uruguay. The stone is very hard, very finely textured and is sometimes used for carvings.
How Onyx Got Its Name
The ancient Greeks had a story for everything, and onyx is no exception. The name of the stone comes from the Greek word for nail or claw. The story goes that while the goddess Venus was sleeping one day, the mischievous Cupid cut her fingernails with the head of one of his arrows. The cut fingernails were left on the ground, and were turned to stone because no part of a heavenly goddess would be allowed to perish, not even her fingernails. The ancient Greeks called most of the forms of chalcedony quartz by the name of onyx. It was the Romans who later restricted the use of the name to dark stones, but even today the stone is many times called black onyx to differentiate between other colors of the stone.
The ancients believed that wearing an onyx stone strengthened the heart and kidneys, reduced stress, improved eyesight and helped the wearer sleep well. Black onyx sets the stage for other gemstones, precious metals and pearls, as well as being a beautiful stone all by itself. It is readily available in a variety of price ranges and jewelry styles. They are versatile and beautiful stones, these fingernails of Venus.
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China Agate Tips
China gemstone agate mainly in the volcanic fissures and holes, also produced in the sedimentary rock layer is silicon dioxide colloidal aggregates, and the crystal, jasper, etc., just as a kind of quartz ore, its chemical composition is silicon dioxide. In mineralogy, it is chalcedony class.
China gemstone in producing a wide distribution, almost all the provinces, mainly in Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hubei and other areas. In the world, throughout Europe, North America and Southeast Asia are rich, the world's most famous place of origin are India, Brazil and other places. In the geological history of the various strata, either igneous or sedimentary rocks can be formed Onyx. Therefore, agate lot of different fineness are also high.
Onyx is generally translucent to opaque, hardness 6.5 to 7 degrees, the proportion of from 2.55 to 2.91, refractive index 1.535 to 1.539. Agate very distant history, it is the earliest human use of the gem materials.
Agate agate water tank is the most precious China gemstone, is characterized by Onyx in a closed cavity containing water.
China gemstone agate mainly in the volcanic fissures and holes, also produced in the sedimentary rock layer is silicon dioxide colloidal aggregates, and the crystal, jasper, etc., just as a kind of quartz ore, its chemical composition is silicon dioxide. In mineralogy, it is chalcedony class.
China gemstone in producing a wide distribution, almost all the provinces, mainly in Heilongjiang, Liaoning, Hubei and other areas. In the world, throughout Europe, North America and Southeast Asia are rich, the world's most famous place of origin are India, Brazil and other places. In the geological history of the various strata, either igneous or sedimentary rocks can be formed Onyx. Therefore, agate lot of different fineness are also high.
Onyx is generally translucent to opaque, hardness 6.5 to 7 degrees, the proportion of from 2.55 to 2.91, refractive index 1.535 to 1.539. Agate very distant history, it is the earliest human use of the gem materials.
Agate agate water tank is the most precious China gemstone, is characterized by Onyx in a closed cavity containing water.
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Twelve, a number of meaningful answers, but my question concerns the tribes.?
I have been searching about the origins of the twelve tribes of Israel. Of course, I imagine the first ones were the twelve sons of Jacob. But that changed after the death of Joseph and Levites were excluded. But my question is concerning the 12 jewels in the breastplate of the priests: sardius, topaz, emerald, turquoise, sahpphire, diamond, jacinth, agate,amethyst, beryl, onyx, and jasper. To what corresponding tribe do the respective jewels refer. Perhaps some Jewish Historian or Rabbi may know the answer. I am sincrely interested. I am not interested in any stupid wise crack answer that some of these creatures who climb out from behind their filthy rocks may come up with.
It appears that Matthew Henry had the names figured out. It is a bit of reading. I don't usually just paste, but I don't want to appear as being knowledgable about something I am not:
Exodus 28
Verses 15-30
The most considerable of the ornaments of the high priest was this breast-plate, a rich piece of cloth, curiously wrought with gold and purple, etc., two spans long and a span broad, so that, being doubled, it was a span square, v. 16. This was fastened to the ephod with wreathen chains of gold (v. 13, 14, 22, etc.) both at top and bottom, so that the breast-plate might not be loosed from the ephod, v. 28. The ephod was the garment of service; the breast-plate of judgment was an emblem of honour: these two must by no means be separated. If any man will minister unto the Lord, and do his will, he shall know his doctrine. In this breast-plate,
I. The tribes of Israel were recommended to God’s favour in twelve precious stones, v. 17–21, 19. Some question whether Levi had a precious stone with his name or no. If not, Ephraim and Manasseh were reckoned distinct, as Jacob had said they should be, and the high priest himself, being head of the tribe of Levi, sufficiently represented that tribe. If there was a stone for Levi, as is intimated by this, that they were engraven according to their birth (v. 10), Ephraim and Manasseh were one in Joseph. Aaron was to bear their names for a memorial before the Lord continually, being ordained for men, to represent them in things pertaining to God, herein typifying our great high priest, who always appears in the presence of God for us. 1. Though the people were forbidden to come near, and obliged to keep their distance, yet by the high priest, who had their names on his breast-plate, they entered into the holiest; so believers, even while they are here on this earth, not only enter into the holiest, but by faith are made to sit with Christ in heavenly places, Eph. 2:6. 2. The name of each tribe was engraven in a precious stone, to signify how precious, in God’s sight, believers are, and how honourable, Isa. 43:4. They shall be his in the day he makes up his jewels, Mal. 3:17. How small and poor soever the tribe was, it was a precious stone in the breast-plate of the high priest; thus are all the saints dear to Christ, and his delight is in them as the excellent ones of the earth, however men may esteem them as earthen pitchers, Lam. 4:2. 3. The high priest had the names of the tribes both on his shoulders and on his breast, intimating both the power and the love with which our Lord Jesus intercedes for those that are his. He not only bears them up upon his heart, as the expression here is (v. 29), carries them in his bosom (Isa. 40:11), with the most tender affection. How near should Christ’s name be to our hearts, since he is pleased to lay our names so near his! and what a comfort it is to us, in all our addresses to God, that the great high priest of our profession has the names of all his Israel upon his breast before the Lord for a memorial, presenting them to God as the people of his choice, who were to be made accepted in the beloved! Let not any good Christians fear that God has forgotten them, nor question his being mindful of them upon all occasions, when they are not only engraven upon the palms of his hands (Isa. 49:16), but engraven upon the heart of the great intercessor. See Cant. 8:6.
II. The urim and thummim, by which the will of God was made known in doubtful cases, were put in this breast-plate, which is therefore called the breast-plate of judgment, v. 30. Urim and thummim signify light and integrity; many conjectures there are among the learned what they were; we have no reason to think they were any thing that Moses was to make more than what was before ordered, so that either God made them himself, and gave them to Moses, for him to put into the breast-plate, when other things were prepared (Lev. 8:8), or no more is meant than a declaration of the further use of what was already ordered to be made. I think the words may be read thus, And thou shalt give, or add, or deliver, to the breast-plate of judgment, the illuminations and perfections, and they shall be upon the heart of Aaron; that is, "He shall be endued with a power of knowing and making known the mind of God in all difficult doubtful cases, relating either to the civil or ecclesiastical state of the nation." Their government was a theocracy: God was their King, the high priest was, under God, their ruler, the urim and thummim were his cabinet-council; probably Moses wrote upon the breast-plate, or wove into it, these words, Urim and Thummim, to signify that the high priest, having on him this breast-plate, and asking counsel of God in any emergency relating to the public, should be directed to take those measures, and give that advice, which God would own. If he was standing before the ark (but without the veil) probably he received instructions from off the mercy-seat, as Moses did (ch. 25:22); thus, it should seem, Phinehas did, Jdg. 20:27, 28. If he was at a distance from the ark, as Abiathar was when he enquired of the Lord for David (1 Sa. 23:6, etc.), then the answer was given either by a voice from heaven or rather by an impulse upon the mind of the high priest, which last is perhaps intimated in that expression, He shall bear the judgment of the children of Israel upon his heart. This oracle was of great use to Israel; Joshua consulted it (Num. 27:21), and, it is likely, the judges after him. It was lost in the captivity, and never regained after, though, it should seem, it was expected, Ezra 2:63. But it was a shadow of good things to come, and the substance is Christ. He is our oracle; by him God in these last days makes known himself and his mind to us, Heb. 1:2; Jn. 1:18. Divine revelation centres in him, and comes to us through him; he is the light, the true light, the faithful witness, the truth itself, and from him we receive the Spirit of truth, who leads into all truth. The joining of the breast-plate to the ephod denotes that his prophetical office was founded in his priesthood; and it was by the merit of his death that he purchased this honour for himself and this favour for us. It was the Lamb that had been slain that was worthy to take the book and to open the seals, Rev. 5:9.
Steenburgh Estate Auctioneers & Appraisers Antique Auction at Alumni Hall Wednesday, November 17, 2010 @ 9:30 AM ...
For our November sale at Alumni Hall we have gathered items from homes in Haverhill, Wentworth, Whitefield and Lancaster, NH and West Fairlee, VT. Please notice the earlier starting time of 9:30 AM. The following is only a partial listing there will be over 300 lots.
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