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Kimono Japanese
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In this first of a two part series we're going to discuss Japanese Buddhist funeral customs.
What most people don't realize, even those familiar with Buddhism, is that Japanese Buddhist funeral customs differ from region to region. There is no one custom that encompasses all of Buddhism. Therefore, a generic description will not be possible. The religion of the deceased also plays a role in the burial ceremony. Also the person's age and social status, as well as economic situation, affect how they are buried.
Even though the services themselves are different based on the above factors, there are some customs that are the same or similar throughout. What follows is a brief list of the common elements to a Buddhist funeral.
First there is the washing of the body. The body is washed at the hospital and then the body openings are stuffed with cotton. In ancient times the family washed the body but now that is done by the hospital. The body is then dressed in a suit or kimono and a cosmetic specialist will apply makeup. From there the body is taken to the place where the wake is to be held.
Then there is choosing the arrangements for the service. The day is chosen as well as the type of alter that is to be used. Food that will be fed to the guests is also decided on. Gifts are also chosen to give to those who come to the service. Of course a casket is also chosen for the deceased to be buried in.
The body is then prepared for the service. Just prior, it is put in dry ice at the mortuary, The next of kin then stay with the body until it is time for the service. People from the mortuary then come and place the body in the casket. One of the unusual items put in the casket with the deceased is money to pay for the toll across the River of the 3 Hells. This is of course symbolic. Also, any items that the deceased was fond of during life are put in the casket. The body is then placed in front of the main altar if the ceremony is to take place at the mortuary hall. If the wake is to take place at home then the body is placed in front of the family altar.
The next step is to set the home up so that friends of the family can pay their respects. A table is usually set up at the entrance of the home or hall. A few people are usually stationed to greet the people who come to pay their respects. Each person signs his or her name in the registry book. The guests then present their condolence money, called koden. This is placed in a special envelope that has a thin black and white ribbon wrapped around it. The amount depends on the relationship of the person to the deceased. The amount is written on the outside of the envelope. Meanwhile, at the altar, incense is burned and a cushion is placed so that guests can kneel in front of the alter and pay their respects. The visitor then pays their respects to the family and then goes into another room where food is served.
In our last part of this series we'll continue with the wake, the funeral and the cremation.
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Michael Russell
Your Independent guide to Funerals [http://funeral.free-resource-guide.com]
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Japanese is an Agglutinative Language
Japanese vocabulary has been heavily influenced by loans from other languages. A vast number of words were borrowed from Chinese, or created from Chinese models, over a period of at least 1,500 years. Japanese lessons consisting of a transcript, English translation, vocabulary lists, grammatical explanations, cultural explanations and exercises are the best way to learn the language. Hirigana and katakana lessons should also be used. Japanese language is a popular choice for students of today. There are many cultural exchange programs, scholarships to study abroad in Japan, and career opportunities available to all sorts of students taking Japanese.
Japanese has a well-defined structure of syllables; words end with a vowel or n (futon, judo, ninja, kimono, shogun, sumo, tofu, and so on). The distinction between long and short vowels affects meaning (long ones are usually indicated by a macron, or line over the letter). Japanese cartoons and video games are very popular throughout the world, and many people, especially young ones, enjoy reading and playing them. There are numerous video games that do not reach the western countries, and in order to play them you would need to understand the language. Japanese also shares considerable similarities with the languages of the Ryukyu Islands, within which Okinawa is located, although the Ryukyu languages and Japanese are both mutually unintelligible.
Japanese exhibits a degree of agglutination. In an agglutinative language, different linguistic elements, each of which exists separately and has a fixed meaning, are often joined to form one word. Japanese students learn about 2000 kanji until the end of junior high school and continue to learn more until the end of their school careers The two writing scripts, hiragana and katakana (together about 100 signs), however, can be memorized within a short period of time.
Japanese love to import foreign words from other languages and especially English. Today's katakana is almost entirely used to write out a foreign word and to help Japanese more easily pronounce it. Japan's long standing rivalries and enmities with virtually all of its neighbors make the study of linguistic connection particularly fraught with political tensions.
Japanese is not closely related to any other language, though a distant genetic kinship to Korean is now thought probable by some scholars, and an even more remote relationship to the Altaic languages is possible. Japanese does have a distinct intonation pattern. Their intonation pattern can be heard not only in individual words, but also in whole sentences.
Japanese language courses are the gateway to a range of unique cultural adventures, such as calligraphy and Zen philosophy, popular culture, anime films, sushi making, and much more. Japan is the second largest consumer of IT services. Learning Japanese is crucial for any kind of business interactions with Japan. Japanese actually has four different ways of addressing people. One example is "kun," which is used for a younger man or a man of lower rank.
Japanese is a relative of other Asian languages. This theory maintains that Japanese split from - or had large influences from - other East Asian languages such as Korean (and possibly the Sino-Tibetan languages). Japanese consists of evenly stressed syllables, each of which ends with a vowel. Most also begin with a consonant.
About the Author
Julie Landry is a fluent Japanese speaker that has written a popular
Rocket Japanese Review
on her site.
Learn to Speak Japanese
is a site dedicated to helping people learn Japanese. You can learn more about
Rocket Japanese
there.
How much is a 160 year old Japanese Kimono worth?
Someone wants to trade this item for my computer, they claim $3500 but i do not know, how do i identify if it is authentic if i go to look in person at it, and how much do u think it is worth?
Pictures are here http://losangeles.craigslist.org/sgv/bar/1507229031.html
It's hard to tell from those pictures, but that doesn't look like any wedding kimono I've ever seen -- not even a 160-year-old one. The picture on the bottom right that shows a close-up of the flower makes it look more like an old, casual meisen kimono than a wedding kimono. In addition, the way the kimono is displayed for the pictures makes it impossible to tell whether or not there are any flaws, where they are located, or how serious they are (e.g. is the lining damaged? any seams coming apart? catches or stains anywhere on the kimono?). I can't see any brocade on the piece either. I'm also going to go ahead and say that there isn't a single motif on there that is usually associated with weddings or other celebrations. Maybe that was typical of wedding kimono in the 1800s, but given everything else it seems a bit suspicious to me. Look, I collect kimono, and while I don't have anything in my personal collection that cost thousands of dollars (I'm an amateur collector, my budget couldn't handle that sort of spending) I have spent plenty of time looking at examples of kimono that ARE work that much money. I've seen kimono go for over $1000, but those were Taisho-era uchikake in incredibly good condition. I'm pretty sure this is not that and judging from those photos there is no way I would value it at $3500.
A linguistic guide to the dog days of summer
With the exception of Hokkaido, Japan heralds the arrival of summer when the 気象庁 (Kishocho, or Japan Meteorological Agency) declares 梅雨明け (tsuyu ake, end of the rainy season). This is the time of the year when urban office workers head for a nearby 屋上ビアガーデン (okujō bia gāden, rooftop summer beer garden). On weekends, gals may don a 浴衣 (yukata, summer kimono) and guys a 甚平 (jinbei, a pajamalike ...
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