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Japanese Puzzle
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For millennia people has been drawn to things that vexed their minds. Riddles, word and number puzzles - if they involved intense thought they have been adored. The 1970's saw the widespread love (perhaps for some love-hate) relationship with a simple block containing rotate-able smaller square blocks of different colours called the "Rubik Cube". This year the head scratching, hair pulling and downright addictive game of choice is a Japanese creation by the name of Sudoku.
Like the vast majority of great puzzles Sudoku appears seemingly benign, a simple grid of nine squares, each square containing nine smaller squares (equalling eighty one small squares in total). The nine large ("mother") squares are typically considered to belong to one of the three grids of the puzzle known as regions. Each of the eighty one small squares contains, or will contain upon completion, a numeral between the numbers one and nine.
Even the rules of this game - which sprang to mainstream life in Japan in 1986 - seem relatively straightforward. In order to "win" at Sudoku you must fill in each region, column and row of the grid, no blank spaces can remain. Yet the difficulty begins to factor in when you take into account the rule that says that each of these areas can only contain the number (one through nine) once. Some of the squares already contain numbers, these are referred to as "givens", it's the player's job to fill in the empty spaces, whilst adhering to the rule of "one occurrence" for each number in each of the three directions of the puzzle.
Interestingly numbers are really only used for the sake of convenience, as they have no mathematical bearing on the game itself*. They needn't add up to any sum, or occur in any particular set of patterns. In place of numbers the puzzle can contain shapes, colours, symbols, whatever, as long as the same rule (that each one only appear once in each area of the puzzle) can be applied. Perhaps the allure of the Sudoku lies in the fact that it appears so easy, what's hard about filling in a few squares, right? Yet one try at this game, and all but the most seasoned logistical puzzle pros will find themselves in a little over their heads. Which isn't to say that the game can't be completed, on the contrary it can, and after a while Sudoku "pros" are able to complete a puzzle in a matter of minutes. But this takes work, a lot of work, study and devotion to this unique Japanese square.
The world has certainly jumped on the Sudoku bandwagon, its popularity generating websites (which often feature many free puzzles of varying degrees of difficulty), and regular Sudoku puzzles in many magazines and newspapers, even Sudoku software! With an appearance similar to a crossword puzzle and strategic manoeuvring reminiscent of chess it's no wonder that Sudoku has sprung forth from Japan and taken on as an international obsession.
*In actuality Sudoku does have a mathematical principle behind it known as the "complexity theory", which classifies Sudoku as a "NP-complete (Non-deterministic Polynomial time) puzzle (or problem)". The "NP" means that a puzzle/problem with this classification is the most difficult problem of its kind to solve. It is a very complex form of math that does not as of yet have a definitive arithmetical solution for each and every Sudoku grid.
Jessica Cander is a professional freelance writer with a passion for puzzle games. A great place to find online info on a wide variety of subjects – including Sudoku – is http://www.answers.com .
A Brain Teaser Called Sudoku Puzzles
Sudoku Puzzles are brain teasers that have also been called wordless crossword puzzles. Sudoku Puzzles are often solved through lateral thinking and have been making a large impact all across the world.
Also known as Number Place, Sudoku puzzles are actually logic-based placement puzzles. The object of the game is to enter a numerical digit from 1 through 9 in each cell that is found on a 9 x 9 grid which is sundivided into 3 x 3 subgrids or regions. Several digits are often given in some cells. These are referred as givens. Ideally, at the end of the game, every row, column, and region must contain only one instance of each numeral from 1 through 9. Patience and logic are two qualities needed in order to complete the game.
Number puzzles very much similar to the Sudoku Puzzles have already been in existence and have found publication in many newspapers for over a century now. For instance, Le Siecle, a daily newspaper based in France, featured, as early as 1892, a 9x9 grid with 3x3 sub-squares, but used only double-digit numbers instead of the current 1-9. Another French newspaper, La France, created a puzzle in 1895 that utilized the numbers 1-9 but had no 3x3 sub-squares, but the solution does carry 1-9 in each of the 3 x 3 areas where the sub-squares would be. These puzzles were regular features in several other newspapers, including L'Echo de Paris for about a decade, but it unfortunately disappeared with the advent of the first world war.
Howard Garns, a 74-year-old retired architect and freelance puzzle constructor, was considered the designer of the modern Sudoku Puzzles. His design was first published in 1979 in New York by Dell, through its magazine Dell Pencil Puzzles and Word Games under the heading Number Place. Garns' creation was most likely inspired by the Latin square invention of Leonhard Euler, with a few modifications, basically, with the addition of a regional restriction and the presentation of the game as a puzzle, providing a partially-complete grid and requiring the solver to fill in the empty cells.
Sudoku Puzzles were then taken to Japan by the puzzle publishing company Nikoli. It introduced the game in its paper Monthly Nikoli sometime in April 1984. Nikoli president Maki Kaji gave it the name Sudoku, a name that the company holds trademark rights over; other Japanese publications which featured the puzzle have to settle for alternative names.
In 1989, Sudoku Puzzles entered the video games arena when it was published as DigitHunt on the Commodore 64. It was introduced by Loadstar/Softdisk Publishing. Since then, other computerized versions of the Sudoku Puzzles have been developed. For instance, Yoshimitsu Kanai made several computerized puzzle generator of the game under the name Single Number for the Apple Macintosh in 1995 both in English and in Japanese language; for the Palm (PDA) in 1996; and for Mac OS X in 2005.
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For more valuable information on sudoku puzzles please visit http://www.sudoku-puzzles.com
How to write Puzzle, Game, Skating in Japanese Hirigana? Thanks! ^_^?
Puzzle - nazo - なぞ
Game - emono - えもの or ge-mu - げ-む
Skating is a word from English so it is suke-tingu, or suke-to, so you must write it in katakana.
スケーティング
or if you really want it in Hiragana, すけ-ちんぐ
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