Japanese Noh

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Japanese Noh
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For ESL Students or anyone who wants to learn English it's one of the most mongrel languages on planet earth. That's because over the course of time, English has taken up words from every other major language, and so its spelling and pronunciation rules are more complicated than many languages. But for those ESL students who want to master English pronunciation like ESL teachers tutors or other native speakers, it is not hard to take the learning process step by step.

The first step is to know the alphabet very well and always to be able to think of the primary or basic sound for each letter. Some letters have more sounds than just their primary sound, but these sounds can be learned separately. First, ESL students must practice reciting or singing the 26 letters of the English alphabet together with a fluent English teacher, ESL Tutor or native speaker.

(The phonetic transcriptions below the letters will be explained during the course of these articles. Remember to recite or sing the second line faster, and to pause during the third line, so as to say all the letters in the same period of time as in the other lines. The traditional music of the alphabet song is well-known and has even been used by composer Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart in a piano melody.)

A, B, C, D, E, F, G,

H, I, J, K, L M N O P,

Q, R, S, [pause,] T, U, V,

W, X, Y, and Z.

"ey, bee, see, dee, ee, ehf, dzhee,

eytsh, aee, dzhey, keh-ee, ehl ehm ehn oh pee,

kyoo, ahr, ehss ..., tee, yoo, vee,

duhbuhlyoo, ehks, waee, aand zee"

The Primary Sounds

The five letters in English that are always vowels are A, E, I, O, U; and sometimes Y and other combinations serve the function of vowels. For speakers of Oriental or Romance languages, it will be easier at the beginning to think of or associate the pure vowels as the primary sounds for these letters.

When the letters appear by themselves, the pure vowels, called the long vowels in some systems, are not as frequent in English as the short vowels; but because the pure vowels will be easier to associate, they are given as the primary sounds below. (And even if someone finds it harder to learn the distinction between long and short vowels, this does not make a big difference, because blurring this distinction is often accepted by English speakers as merely a slight Spanish accent.)

Now then, here are the primary sounds for each letter, as they appear in international words and geographical places, and the way each letter can be written in phonetic transcriptions. Letters without notes are transcribed the same way as they are spelled.

A as in father, Washington, Osaka (written as "ah")

B as in baby, ikebana, Lisbon

C as in cook, camel, Caracas (written as, and the same as, "k")

D as in did, mikado, London

E as in peso, melee, Reykjavik (written as "ey")

F as in fifty, fugu, France

G as in go, origami, Togo

H as in ahead, haiku, Holland

I as in paprika, Fiji, Nippon (written as "ee")

J as in judge, kanji, Java (written as "dzh")

K as in kids, karaoke, Kyoto

L as in left, Clinton, Lebanon

M as in mom, anime, Lima

N as in no, katakana, Ghana

O as in hope, noh, Tokyo (written as "oh")

P as in pop, pepper, Poland

Q as in qwerty, sheqel, Iraq (written as, and the same as, "k")

R as in right, Reagan, York

S as in less, sake, Spain

T as in tie, tofu, Tibet

U as in rule, you, Jerusalem (written as "oo")

V as in give, flavor, Venezuela

W as in we, wasabi, Wellington

X as in box, mixup, Lexington (written as "ks")

Y as in yard, teriyaki, Yemen

Z as in zone, puzzle, Zambia

Classical Vowels

The classical long vowels are those which correspond to the vowel sounds in Romance languages: for example, the first syllables of the Spanish words taco, bueno, pita, loco, mucho, or of the Japanese words kana, geta, miso, tofu, fugu. These are also called pure vowels because they are not mixed or diphthongal vowels.

Good transcriptions of the long vowels, in terms of the most recognizable way to pronounce the sounds reliably, are given above: A as "ah", E as "ey", I as "ee", O as "oh", and U as "oo". (Incidentally, in other systems, instead of the vowels just given, the "long vowels" are those sounds which the vowels make in their English names, and when accompanied by silent E; but this naming method is not used in the present article.)

Well, to all the ESL Students, or ESL teachers who happened to come across this, I hope you've found it both enjoyable and helpful. Pronunciation for ESL students is important to building comfort and confidence. Please feel free to drop by ESL Toronto Network and say hi to me, Mr. D.

Mr. D is the founder of ESL Toronto Network Connecting ESL Students to ESL Schools, ESL Teachers and ESL Tutors.

It's a Friendly and Fun Social Environment sort of like an ESL Facebook...

So Drop by Today... To Learn English [http://esltoronto.net/community/blog/pronunciation/what-makes-english-so-hard-to-learn] and More About ESL Schools, ESL Teachers and ESL Tutors in Toronto

Toshi Ichiyanagi

Works

Opera

1968 From the Works of Tadanori Yokoo (electronic music)

1995 The Last Will of Fire

1995/98 Momo

2002 Hikari

Orchestral works

1964 The Field

1968 Up To Date Applause for orchestra, group sounds and tape

1980 In the Reflection of Lighting Image for percussion and orchestra

1981 Piano Concerto No. 1 "Reminiscence of Spaces"

1982/86 Engen for koto and orchestra

1983 Violin Concerto "Circulating scenery"

1983-86 Paganini Personal for marimba and orchestra

1984 Time Surrounding for percussion and orchestra

1986 Symphony for Chamber Orchestra "Time Current"

1987 Interspace for string orchestra

1987 Piano Concerto No. 2 "Winter Portrait"

1988 Symphony "Berlin Renshi" for soprano, tenor, orchestra

1989 Voices from the Environment

1989 Symphonic Movement "Kyoto"

1989 Concerto for Koto and Chamber Orchestra "The Origin"

1989 Existence for organ and orchestra

1991 Piano Concerto No. 3 "Cross Water Roads

1991 Luminous Space for sho, ondes martonot and orchestra

1992 Interplay for flute and string orchestra

1993 Symphony for Chamber Orchestra No. 2 "Undercurrent"

1993 Cosmos Ceremony for ryuteki, sho and orchestra

1994 Symphony No. 4 "Recollection of Reminiscence Beyond"

1994 "Coexistence" for shakuhachi and string orchestra

1995 Symphony No. 3 "Inner Communications"

1996 Coexistence for ondes martenot and orchestra

1997 Symphony No. 5 "Time Perspective" - On the Theme of Opera "Momo"

1997 Symphony No. 2 "Undercurrent"

1997 Coexistence for orchestra

2001 Bridging

2001 Symphony No. 6 "A Hundred Years From Now"

2001 Between Space and Time for chamber orchestra

2002 Returning to Sounds Environment for shakuhachi and orchestra

2003 To the Memory of Nugshead for wind orchestra

Chamber works

1954 Sonata for violin and piano

1956 Trio for 2 flutes and harp

1957 String Quartet

1960 Stanzas for string instrument(s)

1961 For Strings

1961 Duet for piano and string instrument(s)

1962 Sapporo for 3 - 15 players and conductor

1962 Activities for brass instruments

1964 String Quartet No. 1

1966 Modulator for Japanese instruments, string instruments, piano and modulator

1967 Appearance for 3 players and 2 operators

1978 Distance for noh flute, noh performer and ensemble

1978 Perspective for noh dancer, flute, violin, viola, cello, percussion and electric music

1978 Scenes I for violin and piano

1979 Scenes II for violin and piano

1979 Recurrence for flute, clarinet, percussion, harp, piano, violin and cello

1981 Time in Tree, Time in Water for percussion and piano

1981 Scenes IV for violin and piano

1981 Before Darkness Appears for accordion and piano

1982 Scenes V for violin and piano

1982 Paganini Personal for marimba and piano

1982 Flowers Blooming in summer for harp and piano

1984 Wind trace for three keyboard percussion (marimba, vibraphone and antique cymbal)

1985 Piano Quintet "Prna"

1985 Yami o Irodoru Mono for 2 violins and piano

1986 Prsage for 6 ondes martonots

1986 String Quartet No. 2 "Interspace"

1986 Interspace for sho and harp

1988 Transfiguration of the Moon for sho and violin

1988 Ten, Zui, Ho, Gyaku for shakuhachi and ondes martonot

1990 Troposphere for ondes martonot and marimba

1991 Interrelation I for cello and piano

1990 Trio Interlink for violin, piano and percussion

1992 Aquascape for marimba, flute, piano and 2 percussions

1992 Cosmos of Coexistence for marimba and piano

1992 Reflection for 9 players

1993 Intercross for violin and piano

1994 String Quartet No. 3 "Inner-landscape"

1994 Trio Fantasy for piano, violin and cello

1995 Cosmic Harmony for cello and piano

1995 Music for Violin, Sh and Piano

1997 Existence n Memory of Kuniharu Akiyama for clarinet and piano

1998 Interrelation II for violin and piano

1998 Mirage for English horn and double bass

1998 Mirage for accordion and harpsichord

1999 String Quartet No. 4 "In the Forest"

1999 Metamorphosis for bassoon quartet

2001 Piano Quintet "Bridging"

2002 Ballade for cello and marimba

Works for keyboard

1959-61 Music for Piano No. 1 - No. 7

1972 Piano Media for piano

1975 Bi no Bi for piano

1976 Multiple Spaces for organ

1976 Time Sequence for piano

1980 Two Existence for 2 pianos

1985-99 Cloud Atlas I - X for piano

1987 Inter Konzert for piano

1989 Piano Nature for piano

1990 Inexhaustible Fountain for piano

1990 Dimensions for organ

1992 Fantasy for organ

1992 Farewell to... -To the Memory of Luigi Nono- for piano

1992 In Memory of John Cage for piano

1995 Imaginary Scenes for piano

2001 Piano Space for piano

2003 Piano Poem for piano

Works for other instruments

1960 Music for Electric Metronomes

1972 Vein of Sounds for harp

1972 Arrangements for percussion

1980 Scenes III for solo violin

1980 Wind Nuance for flute

1983 Portrait of Forest for solo marimba

1984 Cloud Figures for solo oboe

1984 Wind Trace for 3 keyboard perccusion players

1986 Perspectives for solo violin

1987 Still Time III for harp

1989 Wind Stream for flute

1989 The Source for marimba

1990 Friends for violin

1991 Aki o Utu Oto for marimba

1991 Intoxicant Moon for ondes martenot

1993 Rhythm Gradation for timpani

1993 Omniscape for violin

1995 Generation of Space for double bass

1996 Still Time IV for flute

1996 Perspectives II for percussion

2000 In a Living Memory for flute solo

2001 "Innervoice" on the theme of Gagaku for marimba

Vocal works

1973 Voice Field for children's chorus and percussion

1983 Kinderkreuzzug for mixed chorus

1989 Music for Art Kites for soprano and flute

1991 Song of Morning for female chorus and sho

1994 Scenes of Poems I for mixed chorus and cello

1994 My Song for mezzo soprano and marimba

2008 Coexistence for male chorus and traditional Japanese instrumental ensemble

Japanese instrumental works

1986 Still Time II for solo kugo (ancient harp)

1998 Still Time V for solo hky (similar to Chinese fangxiang)

Electronic music

1962 Parallel Music

1966 Life Music for various modulators, magnetic tape and orchestra

Theater piece

1963-73 Pratyhr

Film score

1969 Eros Plus Massacre

References

^ Japan, An Illustrated Encyclopedia, Kodansha International, Tokyo, 1993, p. 1155 mentions that she married him in 1956, but does not say until when they were married.

^ "Donald Keene, 7 others win Order of Culture," Yomiuri Shimbun. October 29, 2008.

Tokyo Concerts biographical page on Ichiyanagi (in Japanese), accessed 4 February 2010

Sprintmail biographical page on Ichiyanagi, accessed 4 February 2010

External links

Julian Cope's Japrocksampler entry on Toshi Ichiyanagi

Categories: Japanese composers | 21st-century classical composers | 20th-century classical composers | 1933 births | Living people | Yoko Ono | Noise musicians
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