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Carving Overlay Glass
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 Rare Ancient Chinese Peking Overlay Carved Glass Snuff Bottle 18th Centur  US $.99
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 Rare Ancient Chinese Peking Overlay Carved Glass Snuff Bottle 18th Centur US $.99
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Vintage Jewelry made from non-precious metals and glass or from plastics, sometimes called costume jewelry, if it's stylish, is expensive. It doesn't matter what material is used in it's manufacture, if it's cool it's going to cost money. Plastic vintage and retro jewelry used to be cheap and could usually be found in thrift shops for a few pence. Not any more though. Plastic jewelry is becoming more and more difficult to find and good decorative pieces rarely appear in charity shops anymore.
The first pieces of plastic jewelry I bought were made form a material invented by the Belgian chemist, Dr Leo Baekeland around 1908 that he named Bakelite. Bakelite did not readily conduct electricity or heat and consequently it was used extensively in the manufacture of electrical products. It could be moulded into extravagant shapes, perfect for the period and probably most famously, for the manufacture of radio casings. It was once even considered as a substitute for metal in the production of the one-cent coin.
Lots of jewelry was manufactured in this hard brittle substance, particularly chunky, colourful brooches. Considered to be the first "fashion jewellery", often copying designer jewelry of the period made from more expensive materials. Manufactured in a variety of colours from the familiar dark brown of early electrical fittings, the reds and greens of vintage picnic sets to the black of kitchen appliances. It was common to find black Bakelite handles or knobs on furniture or coupled with silver, silver plate or chrome - particularly on tea and coffee sets - as decorative knops or handles. It was very popular on dressing tables too, where it made a very good substitute for tortoiseshell.
Although invented much earlier than Bakelite, being a by-product of the photographic processing industry and used, like Bakelite, as a substitute for more expensive materials, Celluloid was highly flammable and did not really come into it's own until the 1920's. In 1927 a new non-flammable material, marketed by the Celluloid Corporation under the trade name "Lumarith" was launched. This material could be manufactured in bright, sometimes lurid colours or transparent with inclusions, like coloured or metal flakes. New injection moulding techniques meant large quantities of plastic objects could be produced quickly and cheaply, in almost any shape or size. Designers quickly realised the possibilities and enormous quantities of inexpensive plastic jewelry appeared on the market in the USA and Europe in bold colourful designs. Brightly coloured vintage accessories like powder compacts, lipsticks, cigarette cases, sunglasses and even handbags were also manufactured in Celluloid for an eager audience.
In 1933 Lucite or Plexiglas hit the market and was quickly incorporated into jewelry design, often mixed with Celluloid or Bakelite for effect. Brooches made with Lucite overlaid with moulded Celluloid cameos were very popular and easily found in vintage & retro shops today. Some Lucite jewelry, bracelets, brooches and pendants was reverse carved, often with flowers coloured naturalistically to appear lifelike, or left unpainted to resemble etched glass.
Whatever plastic vintage jewellery is made from it is usually exciting and colourful and, if you are fortunate, it can still be bought relatively inexpensively. But it is becoming more and more popular as the young reject antiques. Dark brown furniture, antique silver, old paintings and antique jewelry are not cool. The young are filling their small apartments with light bright vintage and retro, Scandinavian design, colourful contemporary art and retro lighting. They eat and drink from vintage and retro or Ikea tableware and they collect and wear vintage and retro clothing and jewelry. More shops are opening to cater to this new breed of homemaker and prices are rising quickly. But it is still possible to find a bargain - good hunting.
Sam Scribbler Visit Vintage Rag Trader!
Glass Blowing
Glass blowing is a glass-forming technique which deals with molten glass inflation.
Glass blowing can be done by using a blowpipe or blowtube.
Glass Blowing Method:
- Free-blowing
This method deals with the blowing of short air puffs into a glass portion which is gathered at one blowpipe end. This results in having an elastic skin on both walls of the glass which is easier to shape.
One of the best blowpipes for free blowing is the clay pipe. As a tool, it is easy to handle, manipulate and is practical. One of the best techniques created was applied while making Portland Vase. It is a mixture of blue and white overlaying glass.
- Mold-blowing
This method is also based on the free blowing method. The difference is that the shape of the glass is mold dependent. It involves molten glass inflated into a wooden or metal carved mold.
There are two types of mold: single-piece mold and multi-piece mold. The single piece mold means the vessel is removed by one pull movement. Single piece mold is effective for vessels and tableware pieces.
On the other hand, multi piece mold means vessel is molded in a multi paneled type. This would allow for creation of more complex designs and texture glass objects. One good example is the roman leaf beaker displayed in a museum.
Three furnaces of glass blowing:
• furnace contains a crucible of molten glass
• glory hole for reheating
• lehr or annealer for slow cooling
Glassblower's Workstation
The glassblower's bench is his workstation. It is where he sits, and places his tools. It is also where two rails function as pipe holder while the blower works with the piece. It can be made from steel and hardwood. Others are welded tubular steel with redwood bench seat.
Other manufacturers offer benches with ergonomic support that facilitates gaffer operations. This is to lessen strain and discomfort. Some also include detachable tool trays.
The bench top measures five 5 feet long and thirty inches deep. It should be non flammable with a back shield. It should be flat and smooth surfaced. It should be sturdy since it is where the burner sits.
The marver table is where the molten glass is rolled. Traditionally, it used to be a flat slab of marble. Now it's made of thick flat steel. Some marver tables are custom made depending on user's dimensions.
Nowadays market offers so many aids or work tools and devices. Some of these include: pipe turners, pipe coolers, heat shields, choppers and yokes.
Glass Blowing As a Science
Glass is a mixture of soda, lime, sand and heat. The main components are natural ingredients. The process it goes thru is scientific and temperature applied is measured.
It becomes a science when one wants to be professional with complex glass apparatus and glass systems. Some scientific devices created are glow tubes, filament lamps and thermionic devices.
Glass Blowing As an Art
When the blowing procedure takes place in the glass making process, it becomes an art. Some say scientific glass blowing techniques are applicable to the artistic one. This involves off hand creations of colored glasses.
Safety Tips on Glass Blowing
• The use of heavy welding gloves and the proper tools can protect one from severe burn and pain.
• Practice makes perfect.
• Electric furnace is better than gas furnace. It is controllable, quieter and environment friendly. However it is more expensive.
• Glass blowing lessons should be taught by a professional.
• It is advisable to use safety glasses or goggles to protect the eyes.
• It takes patience to learn the craft.
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